“Don’t despise us!”

Addressing the irrelevance of the vulnerable in public space

Authors

Downloads

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24306/TrAESOP.2023.01.002

Keywords:

vulnerability, public space, social exclusion, urban democracy, media review

Abstract

This paper attempts to develop a novel insight into Hannah Arendt’s socio-political theories in order to examine and alleviate the socio-spatial exclusion of the vulnerable by greater society. It utilises Arendt’s classification of the terms ‘communal’ and ‘irrelevant’ as a pair of opposing concepts in which the state of ‘vulnerability’ is associated with being deemed to be ‘irrelevant’ within society. The study addresses the exclusionary qualities of public spaces by focusing on the complex relationships observed between these concepts in Turkey through a content analysis of 35 national satire magazines and 30 YouTube channels that reflect on various states and perceptions of vulnerability in Turkish society and culture. It concludes with a series of recommendations by which to close the gap within the communal-irrelevant duality that could enhance vulnerable individuals’ urban rights.

How to Cite

Akarsu, B., Waite, I. A., & Ozmen, C. (2023). “Don’t despise us!”: Addressing the irrelevance of the vulnerable in public space. Transactions of the Association of European Schools of Planning, 7(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.24306/TrAESOP.2023.01.002

Published

01-10-2023

References

+90 (2019a) Türkiye’de engelli olmak: Toplumun yarattığı engeller [Being disabled in Turkey: Barriers created by society]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvBfGRKMiss&t=702s Accessed [12/04/2022].

+90 (2019b) Evsiz olmak: Sokakta yaşamak. Bana bakma, bana gel [Being homeless: Living on the street. Don’t look at me, come to me]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUe35ZTBBGA&t=327s Accessed [09/05/2022].

+90 (2020a) Türkiye’de genç Yahudi olmak: “İstanbul benim evimdir ama bitti” [Being a young Jew in Turkey: Istanbul is my home, but it’s over”]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qJeiWIsxtA Accessed [12/04/2022].

+90 (2020b) Hamal olmak: Hiçsin. Hamal, hiç, bitti [Being a Porter: You are nothing. Porter, nothing, it’s over]. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfOGBLbRq0E&t=439s Accessed [10/04/2022].

+90 (2020c) Bursa’da kentsel dönüşüm: “Beton yığını, başka bir şey değil” [Urban transformation in Bursa: “Concrete mass, nothing more”]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuWiP1-KqIA Accessed [05/07/2022].

+90 (2021) Cumhuriyet’in göçmenleri: Balkan ve Kafkas göçmeni olmak I “Ortak noktamız Ankara” [Immigrants of the Republic: Being a Balkan and Caucasian immigrant I “Our common point is Ankara”]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=k06NA-zRZfc Accessed [06/07/2022].

Journal (2017) İstanbul’dan korkuyorum - Kadın [I’m afraid of Istanbul - Woman]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=9pDOGKBMZQU Accessed [11/04/2022].

GO (2020) Soramazsın: Kürt I 56. bölüm [You can’t ask: Kurdish I Chapter 56]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HeCKs87CIng Accessed [06/07/2022].

Arendt, Hannah (1961) Between past and future: Six exercises in political thought. The Viking Press.

Arendt, Hannah (1998) The human condition. The University of Chicago Press.

Aristotle (1999) Politics (Trans. Benjamin Jowett). Kitchener: Batoche Books. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00259310

Bana Göre TV (2020) Katarsis X-TRA: Sivas Katliamı – Makbule Çimen [Catharsis X-TRA: Sivas Massacre – Makbule Çimen]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nx212bJJgxs Accessed [06/07/2022].

BBC News Türkçe (2019) Geçinemeyenler: İstanbul’da yaşamamız mucize (1. Bölüm) [The impoverished: It’s a miracle that we live in Istanbul (Part 1)]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtPtUZaX6Qc&t=75s Accessed [13/04/2022].

BBC News Türkçe (2020) Hayvan hakları savunucuları ile bir gün [A day with animal rights activists]. https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=uCy3SFC9S3E&t=3s Accessed [10/05/2022].

BBC News Türkçe (2021a) Türkiye’ye gelen Afgan göçmenler: “45 gündür yoldayız” [Afghan immigrants arriving in Turkey: “We have been on the road for 45 days”]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-hiqqbKd5Y Accessed [06/07/2022].

BBC News Türkçe (2021b) Afgan aileler: “Çocuklarımız eğitim alsın diye Türkiye’ye kaçtık” [Afghan families: “We fled to Turkey so that our children could receive education”]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eSgHJ_TG_s Accessed [06/07/2022].

Benhabib, Seyla (1992) Models of public space: Hannah Arendt, the liberal tradition, and Jürgen Habermas. in C. Calhoun (ed), Habermas and the public sphere (pp. 73-98). MIT press.

Beta Video (2020) Evsiz olmak: Sokakta yaşam [Being homeless: Life on the street]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=PlNMpP0Pgl0&t=54s Accessed [13/04/2022].

Brummett, Palmira (1995) Dogs, women, cholera, and toher menaces in the streets: Cartoon satire in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908-11. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 27 (4), pp. 433-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800062498

Butler, Judith, Zeynep Gambetti and Leticia Sabsay (eds) (2016) Vulnerability in resistance. Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822373490

Calhoun, Craig (ed) (1992) Habermas and the public sphere. MIT press.

CNN Türk (2018) Sokak çocukları nasıl zorluklar yaşıyor? [What difficulties do street children face?]. https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=wy7tjm-_rb0 Accessed [13/04/2022].

DW Türkçe (2019) Türkiye’de ‘kadın olmayı’ kadınlara sorduk [We asked women to ‘being a woman’ in Turkey]. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=1s4PqFTvbl8 Accessed [11/04/2022].

DW Türkçe (2020) Türkiye’de Afrikalı göçmenler: “Yaşadığımız haksızlıkların nedeni hala köle olarak görülmemiz” [African immigrants in Turkey: “The reason of the injustices we face is that we are still viewed as slaves”]. https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=mOTW2btfdmY Accessed [11/04/2022].

DW Türkçe (2021) Validebağ Korusu’nda millet bahçesine tepki | “Burası park değil, Validebağ bir koru” [Reaction to the nation garden in Validebağ Grove | “This is not a park, Validebağ is a grove”]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=5eEhVOEbw5s Accessed [10/05/2022].

DW Türkçe (2022) Suriyeliler tartışması | Hatay’da yaşayanlar anlatıyor [Syrians debate | People living in Hatay explain]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz5h9rdkTyM Accessed [14/04/2022].

Gambetti, Zeynep and Joost Jongerden (2015) Kurdish issue in Turkey. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315740881

Goodin, Robert E. (1985) Protecting the vulnerable. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Habermas, Jürgen (1962) Strukturwandel der Offentlichkeit. Luchterhand.

Habermas, Jürgen (1989) Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. MIT Press.

Habermas, Jürgen, Sara Lennox and Frank Lennox (1974) The public sphere: An encyclopedia article (1964). New German Critique, 3, pp. 49-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/487737

Harvey, David (1993) Social justice and the city. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Harvey, David (2003) Debates and developments: The Right to the City. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27 (4), pp. 939-941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2003.00492.x

Independent Türkçe (2021) Cem Vakfı Başkanı İzzettin Doğan: Alevilerin oylarını verdiği kişi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’tür” [Cem Foundation President İzzettin Doğan: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk is whom the Alawites vote for]. https://www. indyturk.com/node/342306/roportaj/cem-vakfi-baskani-izzettin-dogan-alevilerin-oylarini-verdigi-kisi-mustafa Accessed [07/07/2022].

Karataş, Çiğdem (2013) Bana öyle bakma [Don’t look at me that way]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imFPMM-tAn4&t=886s Accessed [12/04/2022].

Lefebvre, Henri (1991) The production of space. Blackwell Publishing.

Lefebvre, Henri (1996 [1968]) The Right to the City. In Kofman, Eleonore and Elizabeth Lebas (eds) Writings on cities. Blackwell Publishing.

Madanipour, Ali (2003) Public and private spaces of the city. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203402856

Madanipour, Ali (ed) (2010) Whose public space: International case studies in urban design and development. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203860946

McCann, Eugene J. (2002) Space, citizenship, and the right to the city: A brief overview. GeoJournal, 58 (2-3), pp. 77-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010826.75561.c0

Mitchell, Don (2003) The right to the city: Social justice and the fight for public space. Guilford Press.

Mumford, Lewis (1961) The city in history: Its origins, its transformations, and its prospects. Harcourt, Brace and World.

Municipality of Beyoğlu (2013) Beyoğlu’nun Roman havası / 1 [Roma tunes in Beyoğlu / 1]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=2bunDCkFp7Q&t=442s Accessed [12/04/2022].

Öztürk, Murat Can (2020) Sokak çocukları belgeseli [Street children documentary]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vQ7L9LxdRis&t=224s Accessed [13/04/2022].

Özyurt, Ensar (2020) Tutunanlar [The connected]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DNRcwNvkHk&t=396s Accessed [11/04/2022].

Pamuk, Hüseyin (2014) Eşimin cinsi olmak [To be of my partner’s gender]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWs_ XvTe6Oc Accessed [20/06/2022].

Popper, Karl R. (1947) The open society and its enemies 1: The spell of Plato. Routledge.

Purcell, Mark (2002) Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant. GeoJournal, 58 (1), pp. 99-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010829.62237.8f

Show Ana Haber (2020) Kadın hırsız çetesine dikkat! [Beware of the woman robbery gang!]. https://m.facebook.com/ ShowAnaHaber/videos/2600425416878356/&ved=2ahUKEwipuof1-5nuAhXXHXcKHV1mBlsQwqsBMAB6BAgBEAM&us g=AOvVaw041HD9qnfLWlfrhATVKVE_ Accessed [11/04/2022].

Soja, Edward W. (2010a) Seeking spatial justice. University of Minnesota Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816666676.001.0001

Soja, Edward W. (2010b) Spatializing the urban, Part I. City, 14 (6), pp. 629-635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2010.539371

Sözcü Gazetesi (2020) Yaşlı çiftin bütün birikimleri gitti! [All the savings of the old couple are gone!]. https://www. sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/yasli-ciftin-butun-birikimleri-gitti-antalya-muratpasada-silah-zoruyla-165-bin-liralik-dolandiricilik-5928542/amp/ Accessed [13/04/2022].

Sözer, Hande (2021) Categories that blind us, categories that bind them: The deployment of the notion of vulnerability for Syrian refugees in Turkey. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34 (3), pp. 2775-2803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez020

Susen, Simon (2011) Notes on Habermas’s theory of the public sphere. Sociological Analysis, 5 (1), pp. 37-62.

Tambar, Kabir (2014) The reckoning of pluralism: Political belonging and the demands of history in Turkey. Stanford University Press.

Tatlıcan, İsa (2012) Beyoğlu’nun üvey evladı; Tarlabaşı [Beyoğlu’s stepson; Tarlabaşı]. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=A8yXP05VC4w&t=2166s Accessed [13/04/2022].

Thompson, John B. (1993) The theory of the public sphere. Theory, culture & society, 10 (3), pp.173-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/026327693010003008

Turner, Bryan S. (2021). Vulnerability and human rights: Essays on human rights. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.

Waite, Imge A. (2023). Vulnerable individuals’ right to the city: Insights from the Istanbul case. Estoa. Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca, 12 (23), pp. 61-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18537/est.v012.n023.a05

Wolf, Silvia I. (2015) Beyond nonhuman animal rights: A grassroots movement in Istanbul and its alignment with other causes. Interface, 7 (1), pp. 40-69.